Discurso indirecto / Reported speech

discurso indirecto

El discurso indirecto o reported speech en inglés es el acto de citar lo que otra persona ha dicho. Hay dos formas principales de citar lo que ha dicho otra persona:

Hay dos maneras diferentes de citar lo que otros hablantes dicen:

¿Qué ocurre cuando uso el discurso indirecto?

Al usar el discurso indirecto o reported speech cambias varios elementos de la oración para que funcione gramaticalmente.

Tales como: el orden de las palabras y pronombres y, más importante, los tiempos verbales que sean regidos por reglas. Abajo, vamos a elaborar su uso.

Ejemplo del discurso directo y el discurso indirecto/reported speech

  • Discurso directo: »I like going to the park». Reportero: She said »I like going to the park».
  • Discurso indirecto/reported speech: »I like going to the park». Reportero: »She said, (that) she liked going to the park».

En el primer ejemplo que usa ‘discurso directo’, la frase va así ‘I like going to the park’. Esto fue reportado de manera directa, sin cambios, de ahí el término ‘discurso directo’

En el segundo ejemplo, ‘discurso indirecto’, ‘I like going to the park’. Esto fue reportado de manera indirecta, ‘She said she liked going to the park’.

Este reporte añade cambios, por ejemplo: los pronombres. El reportero del discurso ahora está hablando en el momento presente, así que hace falta un cambio de verbo.

Reglas del Discurso Indirecto/Reported Speech

Tiempo Verbal Discurso Directo Discurso Indirecto / Reported Speech
Present simple > past simple I like to play sports. She said (that) she liked to play sports.
Present continuous > past continuous I am doing my exam. He said (that) he was doing his exam.
Past simple > past perfect I cleaned my room. She said (that) she had cleaned his room.
past continuous > past perfect continuous I was playing my video game. He said (that) he had been playing his video game.
Present perfect > past perfect I haven’t been to the park. She said (that) she hadn’t been to the park.
Past perfect > past perfect I had seen that guy before Wednesday. She said (that) she hadn’t seen that guy before Wednesday.
Present perfect continuous > past perfect continuous I have been living in Spain for two years. She said (that) she had been living in Spain for two years.
Future simple > conditional (would) I will go to the market. She said (that) she would go to the market.
Conditional (would) > would He wouldn’t go to the concert. He said (that) he wouldn’t go to the concert.
Ought to > ought to I ought to buy a phone. She said she ought to buy a phone.
May > could/would I may come tonight. He said he would/could come tonight.
Need > must/had to I need to get a new cup. He said (that) he must get a new cup/ he said that he had to get a new cup.
Can > could I can speak Spanish. She said (that) she could speak Spanish.
Could > could I could dance when I was younger. She said (that) she could dance when she was younger.
Shall > would They shall not come this evening. He said (that) they would’t come this/that evening.
Should > should I should buy a new phone. She said (that) she should buy a new phone.
Might > might I might arrive late today. She said (that) she might arrive late today/yesterday/the other day.
Must > must I must go to the mall. She said (that) she must go to the mall.

Esta es una lista completa de todas las formas verbales activas y auxiliares modales con sus formas respectivas que funcionan en discurso indirecto.

Es importante notar que las expresiones del tiempo pueden cambiar, por ejemplo::

‘I cleaned my room yesterday. = ‘He said (that) he had cleaned his room yesterday/the other day/Tuesday/Friday/two weeks ago etc.’

La referencia del tiempo dependerá completamente por la situación y punto del tiempo.

Ver también