To have — Verbo Auxiliar
To Have es un verbo auxiliar que usamos para ayudar a verbos normales (verbos que no son verbos auxiliares como talk, write, speak, etc. Usamos principalmente el verbo auxiliar to have para formar las formas perfectas, por ejemplo, el presente perfecto, pasado perfecto, etc. También usamos to have para expresar obligación, hablar de la posesión y hablar de acciones y experiencias.
To have, sus conjugaciones
- Forma base = to have
- Forma presente = have/has
- Forma pasada = had
- Participio presente = having
- Participio pasado = had
Se usa 'to have' para formar lo que llamamos tiempos 'perfectos'
| Forma Perfecta | Construcción | Ejemplos |
|---|---|---|
| Presente perfecto | Have/has + participio pasado | Sophie has slept well. I haven’t worked today. |
| Pasado perfecto | Had + participio pasado | James had left the office before his boss arrived. We hadn’t seen them before Friday. |
| Presente perfecto continuo | Have/has + been + verbo + ing | They’ve been working on their project for three years now. Lewis has been studying hard for their exam this week. |
| Pasado perfecto continuo | Had + been + verbo + ing | I hadn’t been working last night before you saw me. I hoped she had been messaging me before I called her. |
| Futuro perfecto | Will + have + participio pasado | I won’t’ve been to the city before the end of this year, James. William will have travelled to Barcelona by the end of this year. |
| Futuro perfecto continuo | Will + have + been + verbo + ing | We’ll have been living in San Diego for eight years by the end of next year. I’ll have been living in Japan for one whole year by the end of December. |
To have se usa para mostrar posesión de objetos, relaciones, estados etc.
Se usa para indicar la posesión de cosas, personas y relaciones.
- I have a friend who lives in Spain.
- She has a new car.
- She has a girlfriend.
To have se usa para hablar sobre las experiencias y acciones
- The lady is having a beer with us tonight.
- They’re having a shower now.
- He has a lot of work to do.
Se usa con ‘to + infinitivo’ para expresar una obligación
- James has to clean the garage by 18h tonight.
- Maria has to learn English.
- He still has to learn a lot.
¿Have o have got?
- Have + got = inglés americano
- Have = inglés británico
Nótese que, no usamos ‘to do’ en preguntas y negaciones con ‘got’, el pretérito simple y participio de ‘get’
- She has got herself a brand-new house.
- Today I‘ve got an appointment with him.
- I‘ve got three new toys.
Do have vs. have got
Para hacer preguntas con el verbo ‘to have’, es correcto usar tanto ‘do’ (+ sujeto) + have o la otra forma ‘have (+sujeto) + got’. La connotación de la forma elegida puede, no obstante, cambiar con el dialecto.
- Do you have band practice on Tuesday nights?
- Has she got a big house?
Mientras que en el inglés americano, solo la forma ‘do have’ se usa en ambos significados.
No obstante, en el inglés británico actual, se usa cada vez más a menudo ‘have got’ a causa de la gran influencia del inglés americano.